Lokman H. Hassan Al-Sharafany; Dr. Rashid H. Al-Rubayi
Volume 7, Issue 1 , June 2007, , Page 1-20
Abstract
Abstract:
This work is intended to design a new robust load-frequency controller for Iraqi National
Super Grid System with uncertain parameters. Riccati equation approach to the
stabilization of uncertain system is proposed. Robust controller that ensures stability of the
closed-loop system for all ...
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Abstract:
This work is intended to design a new robust load-frequency controller for Iraqi National
Super Grid System with uncertain parameters. Riccati equation approach to the
stabilization of uncertain system is proposed. Robust controller that ensures stability of the
closed-loop system for all admissible structured uncertainties is designed. ‘Matching
conditions’ and Lyapunov stability theory are used to implement a robust stabilizing
controller. Participation factor used to address the interaction between the state variables
and the modes in the power system. This property is used to choose weighting matrix of the
state variables (Q). A linear, time, invariant mathematical model is derived for Iraqi
National Super Grid System consisting of six generating stations with various types of
turbines. The proposed approach is applied on this system and simulation program is built
to evaluate its effectiveness.
Haithm A. Jwad; M.Abdul-Jabbar; Maid A.Alwan
Volume 7, Issue 2 , December 2007, , Page 1-12
Abstract
Abstract:
The applications of an Iterative method for the restoration of color blurred image is presented. The method is an enhanced modification of the fixed-Phase Iterative algorithm (FPIA). A blurred image is enhanced by Laplace operator during the FPIA method on eachiteration. This modification ...
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Abstract:
The applications of an Iterative method for the restoration of color blurred image is presented. The method is an enhanced modification of the fixed-Phase Iterative algorithm (FPIA). A blurred image is enhanced by Laplace operator during the FPIA method on eachiteration. This modification is originally supported theoretically by a derivation of some iterative deblurring methods that are based on the enhanced version of the blurred image instead of the blurred image itself only.
The modified fixed phase iterative algorithm (MFPIA) method is examined to restore some Gaussian- and motion-blurred color images. The restored images via this proposed method are compared with some standard iterative method called Richardson-Lucy method. From the comparison. It is appearant that the MFPIA method gives better values for signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the resuling image. The method is also better from human visual measurements point of viww with less number of iterations. In addition to that benefit the restoration by the other method result in images having shaded edges. Another advantage for the MFPIA method is that to restore a blurred image, the only thing required to be known is the blurred image itself; while a prior knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) with the original unblurred image is a must in the Richardson-Lucy methods. This makes the MFPIA method more powerful for practical applications.
Fawwaz Jinan Jibrael; at Talib Hussein; Dr. Refa
Volume 9, Issue 1 , December 2009, , Page 1-12
Abstract
Abstract:
In this paper, the fractal concept is used in the linear array antenna design to obtain multiband operation and reduced size. MATLAB programming language version 7.2 (R2006a) is used to simulate the fractal linear array antenna and their radiation pattern. Fractal Cantor linear array antenna ...
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Abstract:
In this paper, the fractal concept is used in the linear array antenna design to obtain multiband operation and reduced size. MATLAB programming language version 7.2 (R2006a) is used to simulate the fractal linear array antenna and their radiation pattern. Fractal Cantor linear array antenna of array pattern of 101 has been designed at a frequency of 2700 MHz with uniform and non uniform amplitude distribution. The performance of this array has been simulated. It is found that it operates at frequencies 2700 MHz, 900 MHz, 300 MHz, and 100 MHz. Two proposed models of Cantor linear array antenna having array patterns of 11011 and 1010101 are presented with uniform and non uniform amplitude distribution. The performance of these arrays has been simulated. The resulting frequency behavior is found that it operates at frequencies 2700 MHz and 540 MHz for the first model (11011) and 2700 MHz and 386 MHz for the second model (1010101). The frequencies have been selected in the VHF and UHF bands have been used in many applications in communication systems such as global system mobile (GSM), wireless local area network (WLAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) …. etc.
Asst.Prof.Dr. Jane Jaleel Stephan; Prof.Dr.Saleh Al-Qaraawy
Volume 10, Issue 1 , December 2010, , Page 1-10
Abstract
Abstract:
Aggregation is a tool used in presenting the multiple instances of an individual attribute in a single value that characterizes the groups represented. However, probabilistic relational models are constructed from relational data base; these data are interrelated with different cardinalities ...
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Abstract:
Aggregation is a tool used in presenting the multiple instances of an individual attribute in a single value that characterizes the groups represented. However, probabilistic relational models are constructed from relational data base; these data are interrelated with different cardinalities so it is needed for aggregation in some situations in order to convert the relation cardinality from “many” to “one”. This paper will shed light on the role of aggregation in learning probabilistic relational models through presenting two aggregate functions one is conventional and the other is proposed and compare their effects on the produced models. The results produced from practical work assess that the effect of using different aggregate functions is not determined numerically but conceptually that is needed for intervening the expertise in learning probabilistic relational model.
Ass. Prof. Dr. Hussein K. Khafaji
Volume 11, Issue 1 , June 2011, , Page 1-14
Abstract
Abstract:
Visualization is the post processing stage in Knowledge Discovery Process (KDP) to simplify the process of understanding, abstraction, and diminishing the size of mined information, patterns, and/or knowledge. Pre-mining and mining stages of KDP seem as preprocessing steps for visualization ...
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Abstract:
Visualization is the post processing stage in Knowledge Discovery Process (KDP) to simplify the process of understanding, abstraction, and diminishing the size of mined information, patterns, and/or knowledge. Pre-mining and mining stages of KDP seem as preprocessing steps for visualization engine. Visualization is a complex process because it needs a formal definition of complicated rules to translate large volumes of data into graphic formats. In this research, the term Visual KDP, VKDP was suggested, in which the benefits of visualization techniques have been utilized before, during, and after the data mining stage. To prove the validity and applicability of VKDP approach it is applied to the most important task of Data Mining; Association Rules Mining. The process of finding the appropriate visualization techniques is not a trivial one. Therefore, many visualization techniques are proposed for different levels of Association Rule (AR) mining, i.e., for database under mining, intermediate result or mining level, and mined rule level. Bipartite graph is proposed as a new technique to visualize the database under mining in addition to many variations in horizontal and vertical layouts. Also, networks of concepts are proposed as a new visualization technique to visualize the mined frequent itemsets, while the two-dimensional matrix, directed graph, and rule-item approach are adopted as visualization techniques to visualize the mined rules.
Serwan Waleed Jirjees
Volume 11, Issue 2 , December 2011, , Page 1-6
Abstract
Abstract:
Web services send and receive messages over standard Internet protocols such as HTTP. Plaintext messages can be intercepted by an attacker and potentially viewed or even modified for malicious purposes. By using message protection, we can protect sensitive data against threats such as eavesdropping ...
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Abstract:
Web services send and receive messages over standard Internet protocols such as HTTP. Plaintext messages can be intercepted by an attacker and potentially viewed or even modified for malicious purposes. By using message protection, we can protect sensitive data against threats such as eavesdropping and data tampering. Sensitive data transmitted over the Internet should always be encrypted to avoid potential intruders from eavesdropping on the communication anywhere along the route the data takes between the two machines.
In this paper, we provide a feasible solution to enhance the integrity of sensitive data. Our approach is to use variant encryption algorithms based on session key which is sent with the client page from the server side where it is used to encrypt and decrypt data so that the data will be unreadable from the attacker. The encryption algorithm will be changed to every connection state. Our approach is very complex as we must cryptanalysis and modify the plaintext from attackers and make it applicable to client-server architecture.
Manaf Sabri Tapou
Volume 8, Issue 1 , December 2008, , Page 1-15
Abstract
Abstract:
The 8051/8052 microcontroller family is very popular and is found in a huge number of applications in professional systems and amateur projects .
This paper describes the design of programming system for the 8051/8052 UV and Flash ROM based microcontrollers that work in conjunction with ...
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Abstract:
The 8051/8052 microcontroller family is very popular and is found in a huge number of applications in professional systems and amateur projects .
This paper describes the design of programming system for the 8051/8052 UV and Flash ROM based microcontrollers that work in conjunction with an IBM style personal computer. The programmer uses the standard parallel printer port operating in bidirectional mode to interface with the host personal computer . An integral power supply and external step down power transformer provides the programmer with all required operating voltages.
The programmer is controlled by software written in Visual Basic running on the host personal computer. Two versions of the software were written; the first will run on personal computers that operate under Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows millennium .The other will run under Windows NT/2000, and Windows XP. This was done because unlike Windows 95 & 98, Windows NT/2000/XP will cause an exception (Privileged Instruction) if an attempt is made to access a port that an application program is privileged to talk to and program execution is halted . This problem was solved by modifying the I/O permission bitmap in system Kernel Mode Driver to allow a particular task, access to certain I/O ports.
Hardware and software were designed to support most type of 8051/8052 microcontrollers made by known chip manufactures like Intel, AMD, Philips, Atmel, ST microelectronics , and Cygnal . Upon detecting chip type by reading signature byte, the proper programming voltage, timing, and algorithm suitable for a given chip are chosen automatically by software running on host .The programmer supports all memory microcontroller functions, including signature read, code read , code write, code verification ,chip erase for microcontrollers equipped with flash memory, and lock bit write .
Yasir Khudhair Abbas; Dr. Shibly Ahmed AL-Samarraie
Volume 12, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Page 1-19
Abstract
A nonlinear PI controller for a system with a mismatched and unknown external
disturbance is proposed in the present paper. A Sigmoidal function is proposed to be used
in the nonlinear integral element to attenuate the disturbance effect. Formally the controller
forces the state to a positively invariant ...
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A nonlinear PI controller for a system with a mismatched and unknown external
disturbance is proposed in the present paper. A Sigmoidal function is proposed to be used
in the nonlinear integral element to attenuate the disturbance effect. Formally the controller
forces the state to a positively invariant set around the origin. As an application, the
nonlinear PI controller is used as a virtual controller for the upper subsystem in the frame of
Backstepping control approach for the DC motor system. In this Backstepping controller
design the restriction about the disturbance form in the upper system is relaxed. The results
show the effectiveness of the nonlinear PI controller to attenuate the effect of unknown and
varying disturbance torque and force the angular velocity to follow the desired reference.
Finally a reduced order observer is designed to estimate the armature current used in the
designed controller for the DC motor system.
Dr. Jasim M. Al-Samarai; Dr. Hanan A. Akar; Raied S. Basheer
Volume 5, Issue 1 , June 2005, , Page 1-17
Walid A .mahmoud; Munther h; Muthana h
Volume 5, Issue 2 , December 2005, , Page 1-17
Abstract
Abstract:
A single layer feed-forward neural network are proposed and implemented using the
schematic editor of the Xilinx foundation series 2.1i. First the mathematical model of the
data set (weights and inputs) is presented in a matrix multiplication format. Secondly the
five design stages are ...
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Abstract:
A single layer feed-forward neural network are proposed and implemented using the
schematic editor of the Xilinx foundation series 2.1i. First the mathematical model of the
data set (weights and inputs) is presented in a matrix multiplication format. Secondly the
five design stages are presented and implemented without using the finite state machine,
which control the processes of the forward propagation phase, error calculation, and the
training algorithm. Finally the design can be optimized to decrease the total execution time
and to minimize the cost, which eventually will increase the performance and improve the
function density.
Walid A. mahmoud; Mohammed N.Hussainn
Volume 6, Issue 2 , August 2006, , Page 1-18
Abstract
Abstract:
This paper provides a new algorithm for the evaluation of WAVELET
TRANSFORM (WT) and the WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM (WPT) using Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
FPGA realization is the most recent category, which takes the place in the
implementation of DSP applications, and it had ...
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Abstract:
This paper provides a new algorithm for the evaluation of WAVELET
TRANSFORM (WT) and the WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM (WPT) using Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
FPGA realization is the most recent category, which takes the place in the
implementation of DSP applications, and it had proved the capability to handle such jobs
and supports the necessary needs of scalability, speed, size, cost, and efficiency.
The WT & WPT coefficients are depend upon the multi resolution analysis approach
using HAAR or DUBCHIES2 bases functions. Next, coefficients are evaluated in the
FPGA card through its implementation using logical circuits using a specified electronic
library kit.
Dr.Walied A. Al-jouhar; Dr.Assma; a K. Sharief
Volume 6, Issue 3 , December 2006, , Page 1-8
Prof. Dr. W. A. Mahmmoud; Samah Abdul - Kareem; Prof. Dr. N. K. Wafi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , April 2006, , Page 1-9
Mr. Essam M. Abdul-Baki
Volume 4, Issue 1 , December 2004, , Page 1-9
Ali Majeed Mahmood
Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Page 1-8
Abstract
Abstract: This paper attempts to tune any controller without the knowledge of mathematical model for the system to be controlled. For that purpose, the optimization algorithm of MATLAB / Nonlinear Control Design Blockset (NCD) is adapted for On-line tuning for controller parameters. To present the methodology, ...
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Abstract: This paper attempts to tune any controller without the knowledge of mathematical model for the system to be controlled. For that purpose, the optimization algorithm of MATLAB / Nonlinear Control Design Blockset (NCD) is adapted for On-line tuning for controller parameters. To present the methodology, a PID controller is verified with the physical plant using the engine speed control System where the problem of maintaining the engine idle speed at a reference value with the applied load is studied. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller is used to solve this problem, but to get the best controller parameters the (NCD) Blockset is used for tuning the PID parameters. Simulation shows promising results in the idle speed response by comparing NCD tuning results with the trial and error results. The analytical results are carried out MATLAB / SIMULINK.
Ashwaq Q. Hameed Al Faisal
Volume 13, Issue 1 , April 2013, , Page 1-8
Abstract
Abstract –This paper presents performance analysis of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (MIMO-OFDMA) wireless system using orthogonal space time block code (OSTBC) over Rayleigh fading channel. OSTBC is an efficient code system that achieves the maximum ...
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Abstract –This paper presents performance analysis of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (MIMO-OFDMA) wireless system using orthogonal space time block code (OSTBC) over Rayleigh fading channel. OSTBC is an efficient code system that achieves the maximum of diversity gain in mobile communication systems and it is very useful in reducing the processing complexity of the wireless communication system. Several MIMO-OFDMA OSTBC models based on different number of antenna constellation (2Tx,2Rx) and ( 4Tx,2Rx) have been analyzed. The relationship between Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in Rayleigh fading wireless channel has been studied .The simulation results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the MIMO-OFDMA OSTBC system by decreasing BER for low value of SNR compared with the MIMO-OFDMA system.
.
Ivan I. Gorial; Dr. Firas A. Raheem
Volume 13, Issue 2 , August 2013, , Page 1-10
Abstract
Abstract –This paper focuses on the comparison of two proposed fuzzy logic-based
path planning systems for a 2-DOF robot manipulator. The first system is joint space
path planning and the second system is Cartesian space path planning. The proposed
planning systems were composed of several separate ...
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Abstract –This paper focuses on the comparison of two proposed fuzzy logic-based
path planning systems for a 2-DOF robot manipulator. The first system is joint space
path planning and the second system is Cartesian space path planning. The proposed
planning systems were composed of several separate fuzzy units which individually
control each manipulator joint. For the 1st system, the main inputs of the two fuzzy
blocks were the current joint position and the difference in joint angle between the goal
and the current positions. For the 2ndsystem the main inputs were the new x-axis error
and the current x-axis value of the robot end-effector for the first fuzzy bock, and the
new y-axis error and the current y-axis value of the robot end-effector for the second
fuzzy block.The objectives were to move the arm from the start configuration to the
goal configuration. The comparison of the simulation results shows clearly that the
results of the second system is better and the robot reached the goal configuration in the
two cases successfully with relatively small error in the order of (0.00041775 m in xaxis;
and
Khulood E. Dagher
Volume 13, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Page 1-9
Abstract
Abstract – This paper introduces the Slice Genetics Algorithm SGA which represents
the proposed modification to the classic Genetic Algorithm GA scheme. The proposed
algorithm has reduced the population size and maximum iteration in order to get fast
and an optimal solution. This algorithm has been ...
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Abstract – This paper introduces the Slice Genetics Algorithm SGA which represents
the proposed modification to the classic Genetic Algorithm GA scheme. The proposed
algorithm has reduced the population size and maximum iteration in order to get fast
and an optimal solution. This algorithm has been used for determining the optimal
proportional- integral- derivative PID controller parameters. The proposed algorithm
has versatile features, including, fast, stable rate convergence characteristic also it has
good computational efficiency in improving the dynamic behavior for the system in
term of reducing the maximum overshoot, rise time, settling time and steady-states
error. The algorithm not only has benefit to improve the convergence characteristic,
accuracy but it also shortened the processing time towards the optimal value based
reducing the number of iteration from 40 to 4 or 6 iteration as clear in the MATLAB
simulation results..
Assist. Prof. Dr. Hazem I. Ali
Volume 14, Issue 1 , April 2014, , Page 1-9
Abstract
Abstract – In this paper, the design of robust blood glucose controller in diabetes using H-infinity technique is presented. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is used to tune the specific structure controller parameters subject to H-infinity constraints. The Bergman model is used to represent ...
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Abstract – In this paper, the design of robust blood glucose controller in diabetes using H-infinity technique is presented. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is used to tune the specific structure controller parameters subject to H-infinity constraints. The Bergman model is used to represent the artificial pancreas. This model is one of the more widely used models of the effect of insulin infusion and glucose inputs on the blood glucose concentration. The results show the effectiveness of the designed controller in controlling the behavior of glucose deviation to a sudden rise in the blood glucose. The proposed controller can effectively attenuate the blood glucose deviation to 0.15. This value of attenuation makes the proposed controller superior to the other controllers in previous works. Matlab 7.11 is used to demonstrate the simulation results.
Seevan F. Abdulkareem; Jawad K. Ali; Ali I. Hammoodi. Ali J. Salim; Mahmood T. Yassen; Mohammed R. Hussan
Volume 14, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Page 1-8
Abstract
Abstract – Different fractal geometries are successfully applied to design compact size printed and microstrip antenna structures for multiband and dual-band wireless communication applications. In this paper, a printed antenna with fractal based slot structure is presented as a candidate for use in ...
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Abstract – Different fractal geometries are successfully applied to design compact size printed and microstrip antenna structures for multiband and dual-band wireless communication applications. In this paper, a printed antenna with fractal based slot structure is presented as a candidate for use in dual-band wireless applications. The slot structure of the proposed antenna is with circle based fractal geometry. The slot structure has been etched in the ground plane of an FR4 substrate with relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and 1.6 mm thickness and on the reverse side a microstrip line has to be printed as a 50 Ω feed. Simulation results of the modeled antenna show that it offers a dual-band resonant behavior with a considerable resonant frequency ratio; covering a wide variety of wireless applications. Modeling and performance evaluation of the resulting antenna are carried out using the commercially available EM simulator HFSS, from Ansoft Corporation. A parametric study reveals that the proposed antenna offers fractional bandwidths of about 13% to 27% for the lower resonant band and 7% to 28% for the upper resonant band. The corresponding gain throughout these bands varies from 2.53 to 3.58 dB and from 4.08 to 5.76 dB respectively. This makes the antenna suitable for use in a wide variety of wireless applications. A fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna shows a return loss response which is in reasonable agreement with that theoretically predicted within the same swept frequency range. Furthermore, the proposed antenna exhibits good radiation characteristics at the resonant bands.
Keywords – Fractal antenna; slot antenna; dual-band antenna; printed antenna; circle-based fractal geometry.
Mr. Karam Samir Khalid; Assist. Prof. Dr. Hazem I. Ali
Volume 14, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Page 1-9
Abstract
Abstract – In this paper the design of robust Active Queue Management (AQM) for
congestion control in computer networks is presented. The Ant Colony Optimization
(ACO) method is used to tune the parameters of PID controller subject to H-infinity
constraints. The nonlinear dynamic model for multiple ...
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Abstract – In this paper the design of robust Active Queue Management (AQM) for
congestion control in computer networks is presented. The Ant Colony Optimization
(ACO) method is used to tune the parameters of PID controller subject to H-infinity
constraints. The nonlinear dynamic model for multiple TCP flows control is developed
based on fluid-flow theory. The designed controller provides good tracking performance
in the presence of wide range of system parameter uncertainty. NS2 package is used to
perform the nonlinear simulation of the system.
BSc; Zaki Y. Abid; Thamir R. Saeed; Sameir A. Aziez
Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Page 1-17
Abstract
Abstract – This paper presents a moving object tracker for monitoring system which can be used in a smart city. Kernel density estimation (KDE) algorithm has been used for representing a background model, while a minimum distance between the current image and the background has been used to extract ...
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Abstract – This paper presents a moving object tracker for monitoring system which can be used in a smart city. Kernel density estimation (KDE) algorithm has been used for representing a background model, while a minimum distance between the current image and the background has been used to extract the foreground. Also, morphological operations are carried out to remove the noise regions and to filter out ambiguous areas. The performance has been evaluated by determining the true, false, and miss detections of an object area. The optimal results have been obtained by adjusting the morphological operation sequence to be (close > thicken) combination by which the true-hits are 14 out of 16 while miss-number is 2 and zero false-hits, While, the percentage hit ratio was 87.5% (14 out of 16). Also, the salt noise introduction in video reduces the hit number from 14 to 11 when it increases from zero to 0.5 percent of the total frame pixels. The accepted absolute error ratio (in morphological properties of the matched object) is kept at 0.05 for all tests. The implementation has been built by using a combination of two platforms, ISE 14.6(2013) and Matlab(2013a) platforms, to avoid the size weakness of XC3S700A-FPGA board.
Yasir Thaier Haider; Dr. Abdulrahim Thiab Humod
Volume 15, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Page 1-10
Abstract
Abstract – Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Neuro - Fuzzy controllers can be used as intelligent controllers to control non-li¬near dynamic systems through learning, which can easily accommodate the non-linearity’s, time dependencies, model uncertainty and external disturbances. Modern power ...
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Abstract – Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Neuro - Fuzzy controllers can be used as intelligent controllers to control non-li¬near dynamic systems through learning, which can easily accommodate the non-linearity’s, time dependencies, model uncertainty and external disturbances. Modern power systems are complex and non-linear and their operating conditions can vary over a wide range. The Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average (NARMA-L2) model system is proposed as an effective neural networks controller model to achieve the desired robust Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) for Synchronous Generator (SG) to maintain constant terminal voltage. The essential part of Neuro-Fuzzy comes from a common framework called adaptive networks, which unifies both neural networks and fuzzy models. The fuzzy models under the framework of adaptive networks are called Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), which possess certain advantages over neural networks. The concerned neural networks and Neuro - Fuzzy controllers for AVR is examined on different models of SG and loads. The results show that the Neuro-controllers and Neuro - Fuzzy controllers have excellent responses for all SG models and loads in view point of transient response and system stability. Also it shows that the margins of robustness for Neuro - Fuzzy controller are greater than Neuro-controller.
Shibly Ahmed AL-Samarraie; Shaymaa Mahmood Mahdi; Taghreed M. Mohammad Ridha; Mustafa Hussein Mishary
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Page 1-10
Abstract
Abstract – This paper deals with the problem of designing a robust controller for the
electro-hydraulic position servo system (EHPSS). The sliding mode control design
methodology is utilized here to design a robust controller with respect to system
parameters uncertainty. Because the relative degree ...
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Abstract – This paper deals with the problem of designing a robust controller for the
electro-hydraulic position servo system (EHPSS). The sliding mode control design
methodology is utilized here to design a robust controller with respect to system
parameters uncertainty. Because the relative degree of the mechanical sub-system with
respect to hydraulic force
Jamal M. Rasool; Ihsan M. H. Abbas
Volume 16, Issue 1 , December 2016, , Page 1-10
Abstract
Abstract –In this paper, design of printed monopole antenna based on fractal structures, is introduced as an approach for the use in ultra wideband communication systems, that depends on Koch fractal type.
This antenna fed with a 50Ω microstrip line, designed to be used in frequency range from 3.1 ...
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Abstract –In this paper, design of printed monopole antenna based on fractal structures, is introduced as an approach for the use in ultra wideband communication systems, that depends on Koch fractal type.
This antenna fed with a 50Ω microstrip line, designed to be used in frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, also band notched characteristics to reject the WiMAX band is realized by etching a slot of a C-shaped rotated with 90o clockwise. It is printed on FR4 substrate of (4.4) dielectric constant, (1.6) mm thickness, and the fractal geometry is employed in the form of a second iteration Koch curve.
The antenna has a small dimensions of (20mm × 25mm × 1.6mm), with return loss ≤ -10 dB, which offers a bandwidth from 2.84 GHz to 13.28 GHz with nearly Omni directional radiation pattern. The simulation of the design is accomplished through the microwave studio suite of computer simulation technology CST simulator, which is based on finite integration technique.