Zainab Ali Mohammed; Mohammed Najm Abdullah2; Imad Husain Al Hussaini
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 1-15
Abstract
Traffic incidents dont only cause various levels of traffic congestion but often contribute to traffic accidents and secondary accidents, resulting in substantial loss of life, economy, and productivity loss in terms of injuries and deaths, increased travel times and delays, and excessive consumption ...
Read More ...
Traffic incidents dont only cause various levels of traffic congestion but often contribute to traffic accidents and secondary accidents, resulting in substantial loss of life, economy, and productivity loss in terms of injuries and deaths, increased travel times and delays, and excessive consumption of energy and air pollution. Therefore, it is essential to accurately estimate the duration of the incident to mitigate these effects. Traffic management center incident logs and traffic sensors data from Eastbound Interstate 70 (I-70) in Missouri, United States collected during the period from January 2015 to January 2017, with a total of 352 incident records were used to develop incident duration estimation models. This paper investigated different machine learning (ML) methods for traffic incidents duration prediction. The attempted ML techniques include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Neural Network Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Root mean squared error (RMSE) and Mean absolute error (MAE) were used to evaluate the performance of these models. The results showed that the performance of the models was comparable with SVM models slightly outperforms the RF, and MLP models in terms of MAE index, where MAE was 14.23 min for the best-performing SVM models. Whereas, in terms of the RMSE index, RF models slightly outperformed the other two models given RMSE of 18.91 min for the best-performing RF model.
Mohammed A. Hussein1; Ala'a. H. Ali; Ali K. Nahar3
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 16-30
Abstract
The technology has been growing rapidly in the form of portable wireless devices that can perform multiple functions to cope with the state-of-the-art technology and synchronization. A total device capacity must be increased to accommodate new wireless applications. This can be achieved by leveraging ...
Read More ...
The technology has been growing rapidly in the form of portable wireless devices that can perform multiple functions to cope with the state-of-the-art technology and synchronization. A total device capacity must be increased to accommodate new wireless applications. This can be achieved by leveraging new technologies, with higher data rates. Spectrum pooling has gained immense popularity, with increased demand for frequency range and bandwidth availability constraints. Statistics suggest that much of the spectrum licensed is not used all the time. Because of the transmitter's nonlinearity nature, the large (peak to average power ratio (PAPR)) phenomenon is a drawback in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Several hybrid approaches have recently been implemented to minimize PAPR's high value, at the expense of increasing the level of computational complexity in the system. In this paper, a new hybrid approach has been introduced in parallel to combine the selective mapping approach (SLM) with the partial transmit sequence (PTS) approach to improve the efficiency of PAPR reduction with lower numerical method complexity. The findings reveal that the OFDM systems with the proposed hybrid approach have better efficiency in terms of PAPR elimination, side-information, and computational complexity compared to current hybrid methods. Also, a hybrid approach proposed output could be maintained without degradation.
Raghad hani1; Ayad Z. Mohammed; Bushra R. Mahdi3
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 31-37
Abstract
X-ray is electromagnetic wave pass through all human tissue and show tissue image by black and white, and the explosion for x ray in short treatment may cause cancer, Photonic crystal fiber used as detector for x- ray approximate effective radiation dose for human bone for spine x- ray 1.5 mSv which ...
Read More ...
X-ray is electromagnetic wave pass through all human tissue and show tissue image by black and white, and the explosion for x ray in short treatment may cause cancer, Photonic crystal fiber used as detector for x- ray approximate effective radiation dose for human bone for spine x- ray 1.5 mSv which need 6month to repeat the exposure and extremity (foot, hand and etc.) x-ray 0.001 mSv need to 3 hours to repeat exposure , the change in x ray dose can be detected by measuring the change in wavelength shifting of laser 450nm which pass through photonic crystal fiber and effected by the emission of x-ray to record the small change in x-ray dose and save the human from radiation and this sensor is small compact and easy to use and have high sensitivity for x -ray used to measure the bone x-ray as its value lower than other x-ray used in others tissue.
Farah A. Thamer1; Haitham B. Al-Wakeel2; Taghreed Mohammadridha; Zeyid T. Ibraheem2
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 38-52
Abstract
The Microwave oven is a system used to convert the electromagneticenergy to thermal energy when the microwave cavity is loaded with a dielectricmaterial. The ordinary microwave ovens are not supported with complexfeatures for detecting parameters such as temperature, weight, and loadedmaterial availability. ...
Read More ...
The Microwave oven is a system used to convert the electromagneticenergy to thermal energy when the microwave cavity is loaded with a dielectricmaterial. The ordinary microwave ovens are not supported with complexfeatures for detecting parameters such as temperature, weight, and loadedmaterial availability. Due to the lack of material availability, several laboratoryand industrial applications require these features to switch off the oven. Thereflections of electromagnetic radiation inside an empty microwave oven lead tooven damage. An overview of the microwave oven characteristics andemergence of electromagnetic radiation inside a microwave oven is presentedin this study. The parameters measured inside the microwave oven, methods forpower attenuation in a microwave oven, microwave power detector, andmicrowave oven leakage are discussed as well. Moreover in the methodology ofthis work, proposed a new technique based on the measurement of leakedmicrowave power to control the microwave oven. The preliminary resultsshowed that the leakage measurement of electromagnetic power changes withthe state/phase of the material inside the microwave oven, which ensured thepossibility of the proposed promising technique. This work will be continued toconnect the microwave oven with a spectrum analyzer and computer viahardware and software interfaces depending on the methodology of this article.A computer code will be developed to read the measured power andautomatically switch off the microwave oven depending on materials state.
Dhuha Dheyaa Khudhur; Muayad Sadik Croock
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 53-61
Abstract
It is well known that the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a part of different fields of modern life (self-managing life). The automation of operating the WSN without any need for human efforts develops the technique used in this network in terms of power consumption, costs, and so on. In this paper, ...
Read More ...
It is well known that the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a part of different fields of modern life (self-managing life). The automation of operating the WSN without any need for human efforts develops the technique used in this network in terms of power consumption, costs, and so on. In this paper, the WSN application that adopts the self-managing property is presented as well as applying this property in a greenhouse as a case study. It uses remote controlling technology for data exchanging in a multi-layer WSN. Different hardware and software equipment have been employed in the application based on self-managing techniques. Such hardware includes (NodeMCU ESP8266) as a microcontroller, Raspberry pi3 as a base station that captures the sensor reading from the node. Additionally, it was utilized two types of sensors (DS18B20, soil moisture) to sense the environmental parameters such as temperature and soil moisture and two actuators (LED1, LED2). The results show the proper performance of the presented WSN in terms of the self-managing side by checking the received data in real-time mode. These results are achieved for the threshold values of 25ᵒC temperature and 500 soil moisture as an upper level for operating the actuators.
Hayder Waleed Shnain1; Mohammed Najm Abdullah2; Hassan Awheed Jeiad3
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 62-72
Abstract
Recently, video files and images have became the dominant media material for transmitting or storing across different applications that are used by different people. So, there was a serious need to find more effective and efficient video compression techniques to reduce the large size of such multimedia ...
Read More ...
Recently, video files and images have became the dominant media material for transmitting or storing across different applications that are used by different people. So, there was a serious need to find more effective and efficient video compression techniques to reduce the large size of such multimedia files. This paper proposes SIMD based FPGA lossless JPEG video compression system with the facility of scalability. Generally, the proposed system consists of a software side and a hardware side. The digital video file is prepared to be processed by the hardware side frame by frame on the software side. The hardware side is proposed to consist of two main processing circuits, which are the prediction circuit for calculating the predicted value of each pixel in the certain frame and the encoding circuit that was represented by a modified RLE (Run-Length-Encoder) to encode the result obtained through subtracting the predicted value from the real value for each pixel to produce the final compressed video file. The compression ratio obtained for the proposed system is equal to 1.7493. The throughput improvement for the two and four processing units basing on SIMD architecture was 100 MP/s and 200 MP/s, respectively. The clock results showed that the number of clocks required had become 50% and 25% when using two processing units and four processing units, respectively, from the number of clocks using single processing units.
Khawla Jalil Taher1; Hamsa D. Majeed2
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, Page 73-83